Title  The dynamics of Mars' and Venus' middle atmopheres
Pi     E. Lellouch
Time   120 hrs


1. Name of program and authors
Title: The dynamics of Mars' and Venus' middle atmopheres
Authors: E. Lellouch


2. One short paragraph with science goal(s)
Abstract: Mapping CO lines is a powerful tool to study the dynamics
   of the middle atmospheres of Mars (~30-70 km) and Venus (70-110 km)
   because their observation allows a simultaneous determination of
   (i) the local CO abundance (ii) the local thermal field (iii)
   the wind velocity from Doppler shift. All three parameters
   are related. The great originality is provided by the direct wind
   measurements which are out of reach to space missions. The high
   spatial resolution and the possibility to quickly acquire
   images will provide snapshots of the atmospheric circulation
   and the possibility of measuring local structures (e.g. jets,
   waves....).

3. Number of sources : 2
   
   Venus
   Mars

4. Coordinates:

4.1. Rough RA and DEC 

     Variable

4.2. Moving target: yes/no (e.g. comet, planet, ...)

	Yes

4.3. Time critical: yes/no (e.g. SN, GRB, ...)

	Yes (Mars opposition, Venus maximum elongation and/or inferior conjunction)

4.4. Scheduling constraints: (optional)


5. Spatial scales:


5.1. Angular resolution (arcsec): 0.5

5.2. Range of spatial scales/FOV (arcsec):  FOV = 10-60

     (optional: indicate whether single-field, small mosaic,
     wide-field mosaic...)

5.3. Required pointing accuracy: (arcsec) 0.5


6. Observational setup

6.1. Single dish total power data: required

     Observing modes for single dish total power: wobbler switch

     (e.g., nutator switch; frequency switch; position switch;
     on-the-fly mapping; and combinations of the above)
	

6.2. Stand-alone ACA: no

6.3. Cross-correlation of 7m ACA and 12m baseline-ALMA antennas: 
     required

6.4. Subarrays of 12m baseline-ALMA antennas: no


7. Frequencies:

7.1. Receiver band: Band 3, 6, 7
7.2. Lines and Frequencies (GHz): 

	CO and 13CO J=1-0, 2-1, and 3-2
     
7.3. Spectral resolution (km/s): 0.05

7.4. Bandwidth or spectral coverage (km/s or GHz): 0.5 GHz

8. Continuum flux density:

8.1. Typical value (Jy):
	Venus : 300 K
	Mars  : 200 K

8.2. Required continuum rms (Jy or K): 0.1 K

8.3. Dynamic range within image:

     (from 7.1 and 7.2, but also indicate whether, e.g., weak objects
     next to bright objects)

8.4. Calibration requirements: absolute      ( 10% )
                               repeatability ( 10% )
                               relative      ( 10% )


9. Line intensity:

9.1. Typical value (K or Jy): 10 K (13CO) - 100 K (12CO) 
    
9.2. Required rms per channel (K or Jy): 0.2 K

9.3. Spectral dynamic range:

9.4. Calibration requirements: absolute      ( 10% )
                               repeatability ( 10% )
                               relative      ( 10% )

10. Polarization: no

10.1. Required Stokes parameters:

10.2. Total polarized flux density (Jy):

10.3. Required polarization rms and/or dynamic range:

10.4. Polarization fidelity:

10.5. Required calibration accuracy:


11. Integration time for each observing mode/receiver setting (hr):

10 hr per planet and line. Mars should be done at several seasons.

12. Total integration time for program (hr):

120 hr +

13. Comments on observing strategy : 
--------------------------------------------------
Review v2.0:
 
Review 4.1.1-4.1.8

The only question I have with regards to these projects is the use of
ACA cross-correlated with ALMA-12m. Several projects list this option
as 'required' or as 'beneficial', but no arguments are given. 

- When listed as 'required' does this mean that the observations are
  mosaics, and that the ACA is needed to provide the intermediate
  scales? If so, are the cross-correlations with the ALMA-12m antennas
  needed, or could simultaneous ACA-7m-only observations also suffice?

- When listed as 'beneficial' is this purely for S/N reasons or also
  for uv-coverage? The cross-correlation option is fairly demanding on
  the scheduling, and unlikely to be used unless absolutely necessary.