Jupiterova mračna nejsou tvořena čpavkovým ledem
Astronomové si dlouho mysleli, že svrchní část Jupitera, kterou tvoří ikonické bledě hnědé pásy, je tvořena zmrzlým amoniakem. Avšak nová studie, která spojila amatérské a profesionální astronomy, ukázala, že tato mračna jsou ve skutečnosti níže v atmosféře, než jsme si mysleli a také, že jsou složeny z něčeho úplně jiného - hydrogensulfidu amonného smíchaného se smogem.
Amatérský vědec Steve Hill již dříve ukázal, že dokáže mapovat atmosféru planety pomocí speciálně barvených filtrů a jeho zahradního dalekohledu. Tyto výsledky poskytly počáteční vodítka, že mraky byly moc hluboko v Jupiterově teplé atmosféře na to, aby byly shodné s těmi tvořenými čpavkovým ledem. K ověření Hill spojil síly s Patrickem Irwinem z Oxfordské univerzity, jejíž tým už dříve použil sofistikovaný přístroj MUSE na ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) ke studiu atmosfér plynných obrů.
MUSE je schopný skenovat atmosféru Jupitera na různých vlnových délkách a mapovat tak různé molekuly, které tvoří atmosféru planety. Tento animovaný obrázek, vytvořený na základě reálných dat z MUSE, ukazuje, jak plynný obr vypadá v různých vlnových délkách.
Nová studie ukazuje, že tento nový přístup se zahradním dalekohledem nebo VLT/MUSE může zmapovat množství amoniaku v Jupiterově atmosféře s překvapivou přesností. Pokud jde o mraky, tým dospěl k závěru, že atmosféra Jupitera je hodně podobná vrstvenému dortu. Mraky hydrogensulfidu amonného zakrývají horní vrstvy, někdy ale mohou být i dekorací mračen ze čpavkového ledu, pokud jsou přivedeny na vrchol silným vertikálním prouděním. Celá dortová struktura však není ještě zcela známá a práce občanských vědců bude klíčová k jejímu odhalení. Takže příště až se budete dívat na Jupiter nebo Saturn z Vaší zahrady, možná také poodhalíte tajemství, která stále leží v naší Sluneční soustavě.
Kredit:ESO/Irwin et al.
O videu
| Id: | potw2502a |
| Jazyk: | cs |
| Datum zveřejnění: | 13. ledna 2025 6:00 |
| Doba trvání: | 45 s |
| Frame rate: | 25 fps |
O objektu
| Jméno: | Jupiter |
| Typ: | Solar System : Planet : Feature : Atmosphere |
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