Line-Intensity Mapping (LIM) is an observational technique that uses integrated emission lines from gas clouds to extract information about cosmology and extragalactic astrophysics. Unlike galaxy surveys, this technique samples even the sources which are not so bright and can reach very high redshifts to probe very large cosmological volumes. In order to extract valuable information from upcoming LIM surveys, we will need robust models to infer astrophysical/cosmological parameters from observed luminosities. In this talk, I will give an overview of the field, and present the framework I have been developing to contribute to LIM modeling. I generate LIM light cones fully based on cosmological hydrodynamic galaxy formation simulations, combined with thermal/radiative/chemical equilibrium photodissociation region (PDR) models to calculate the spectral line luminosities from every gas particle in the snapshots. In addition, I will show an application of this framework using the SIMBA simulations to generate CO and [CII] mock light cones.

Women hold a very low portion of professorships in science, such as in chemistry, physics, mathematics, engineering and computer science. Why are women who are talented and dedicated enough to graduate from college not progressing through graduate school and ultimately earning full professorships? Where are these women going, and why do they leave their chosen field?

Much has been written about the underrepresentation of women professors in science, particularly in upper-level positions. Despite the substantial amount of high-quality data on this issue, however, myths and misunderstandings prevail. A frequent claim is that women are derailed by sex discrimination in publishing their work, obtaining grant funding and being hired. However, although these forms of discrimination have played important roles in the past, the current data show that  none of these causes can explain today’s underrepresentation. 

In this talk, I will review the most recent evidence showing that gender itself is no longer responsible for the current dearth of women in science. I will argue for the importance of another factor in women’s underrepresentation: the choice to become a mother. To place the role of this choice in context, I will consider its impact on women’s careers relative to the impacts of other variables that may reduce women’s participation in the sciences. I will show that recent findings indicate that the effect of children on women’s academic careers is so remarkable that it eclipses other factors in contributing to women’s underrepresentation in academic science.

Key factors that limit women today are still in need of solutions. Understanding the actual cause of women underrepresentation in academy is the first necessary step to create solutions to target the real issue.