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ESOcast 46: Atrapando la luz
Especial 50 aniversario, episodio #6
1 de Agosto de 2012
Con motivo de la celebración del 50 aniversario de ESO en octubre de 2012, editamos ocho capítulos especiales de la serie ESOcasts, que forman parte de la película “De Europa a las Estrellas – Los Primeros 50 Años de ESO Explorando el Cielo Austral” (Europe to the Stars — ESO’s First 50 Years of Exploring the Southern Sky).
ESOcast 46 es el sexto episodio especial de esta serie. En él se explica cómo las cámaras y espectrógrafos de última generación ayudan a que los potentes telescopios de ESO a recoger y analizar la débil luz del universo distante. Sin estos instrumentos, los ojos de ESO para mirar al cielo estrían ciegos.
Las imágenes astronómicas de nuestros días son muy diferentes de las que se obtenían en los años 60 del siglo pasado. Por aquel entonces, los astrónomos utilizaban enormes placas fotográficas de vidrio, con poca sensibilidad y difíciles de manejar. Hoy, los telescopios de ESO utilizan algunos de los detectores electrónicos más grandes y sensibles del mundo. Capturan casi todos los fotones cósmicos y recuperan casi todos los bits de información posibles. Por ejemplo, la cámara del Telescopio de Sondeo VLT — OmegaCAM — tiene 32 detectores, que se unen para producir imágenes espectaculares del universo; cada detector tiene la impresionante cantidad de 268 millones de píxeles.
Pero la astronomía no es solo captar imágenes impactantes. Los astrónomos siempre buscan obtener la mayor cantidad de información posible, ya que necesitan separar la luz de la estrella en los colores que la componen para estudiar su composición.
La espectroscopía es una de las herramientas más potentes en astronomía y los telescopios de ESO también cuentan con algunos de los espectrógrafos más potentes del mundo, como el instrumento X-shooter en el Very Large Telescope. La espectroscopía permite a los astrónomos inferir importantes propiedades de las estrellas, conocer los elementos químicos que contienen, sus temperaturas, movimientos e, incluso, sus edades. Aún más, pueden estudiar las atmósferas de exoplanetas que orbitan alrededor de estrellas distantes o galaxias recién nacidas al límite del universo observable.
Vea este episodio para descubrir más sobre los instrumentos astronómicos de última generación de ESO.
Más información
La serie de videos ESOcast ofrece las últimas novedades e investigaciones de ESO — el Observatorio Europeo Austral (European Southern Observatory).
Subscríbete a nuestro podcast para estar al tanto de las últimas novedades de ESO: el ESOcast está disponible vía iTunes en HD y SD. También está disponible en YouTube, Vimeo y puede descargarse en diversos formatos, incluido HD.
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