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Enorme mapa del Universo lejano se encuentra a mitad de camino
Sondeo realizado por el VLT grafica la posición de 55.000 galaxias
12 de Marzo de 2013
El proyecto de mayor envergadura alguna vez realizado para graficar el Universo en tres dimensiones, a través de los telescopios de ESO, ha llegado a la mitad de su camino. Un equipo internacional de astrónomos empleó el instrumento VIMOS instalado en el Very Large Telescope de ESO para medir las distancias de 55.000 galaxias [1] como parte del programa VIPERS [2]. Esto ya les ha permitido crear una impresionante vista tridimensional de la distribución de las galaxias a lo largo del espacio en los albores del Universo, develando también de manera detallada la compleja red que conforma su estructura a gran escala.
Mediante el estudio de esta red cósmica, los astrónomos pueden poner a prueba las teorías que explican la forma en que se formó y evolucionó el Universo, además de contar con un apoyo para rastrear las propiedades de la misteriosa energía oscura que está acelerando su expansión. Al cartografíar la forma en que la estructura a gran escala se expande en el tiempo, ellos también pueden comprobar si la teoría de la relatividad general de Einstein tiene un sustento sólido, o si es posible que deba ser modificada.
Hasta el momento, VIPERS es el estudio más detallado de las galaxias observables a partir del momento en que, según los astrónomos, la energía oscura dominó el Universo, tal y como lo hace hoy en día. Esto ocurrió cuando el Universo tenía entre cinco y nueve mil millones de años aproximadamente, cerca de la mitad de su edad actual de 13,7 mil millones de años. A pesar de que aún no está completo, VIPERS ya está entregando interesantes resultados científicos, incluyendo una primera estimación de la tasa de crecimiento actual de la estructura a gran escala y el mejor censo alguna vez realizado del promedio de galaxias masivas durante este período de la historia del Universo.
Para conmemorar este hito, esta semana el equipo presentará varios trabajos de investigación con una descripción del estudio y de los resultados iniciales que serán publicados en distintas revistas científicas. Los resultados obtenidos por VIPERS se publican para que sean utilizados por astrónomos de todo el mundo. El catálogo actual con las distancias de las galaxias se dará a conocer en septiembre de este año.
Notas
[1] La luz de cada galaxia se separa en los distintos colores que la componen dentro del instrumento VIMOS. Luego, un cuidadoso análisis les permite a los astrónomos calcular a qué velocidad la galaxia parece alejarse de nosotros, lo que se conoce como desplazamiento al rojo. Esto a su vez permite conocer su distancia y, cuando se combina con su posición en el cielo, su ubicación en el Universo.
[2] El acrónimo VIPERS significa VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (Sondeo extragaláctico de corrimiento al rojo a través del instrumento VIMOS). Puede encontrar mayor información disponible aquí.
Contactos
Luigi Guzzo
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
Merate, Italy
Tel.: +39 039 5971 025
Mobile: +39 366 773 9704
Email: luigi.guzzo@brera.inaf.it
Richard Hook
ESO, Public Information Officer
Garching bei München, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6655
Cell: +49 151 1537 3591
Email: rhook@eso.org
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