Nota de prensa
DETECTAN ACTIVIDAD FRENÉTICA EN POLVORIENTAS FÁBRICAS ESTELARES
19 de Enero de 2009
Gracias al agudo y poderoso ojo en infrarrojo cercano del Very Large Telescope (VLT) de ESO, los astrónomos han descubierto una gran cantidad de polvorientas, jóvenes y masivas maternidades estelares en la cercana galaxia NGC 253. El centro de esta galaxia parece albergar un gemelo del agujero negro supermasivo de nuestra propia Vía Láctea.
Astrónomos del Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (España) usaron NACO, un instrumento de óptica adaptativa con ojos de lince instalado en el Very Large Telescope (VLT) de ESO, para estudiar al detalle NGC 253, una de las galaxias espirales más brillantes y polvorientas del cielo. La Óptica Adaptativa (AO, por su sigla en inglés) corrije el efecto borroso causado por la atmósfera de la Tierra. Esta turbulencia provoca que las estrellas titilen de una forma que encanta a los poetas, pero frustra a los astrónomos, ya que deteriora las imágenes. Con AO en acción el telescopio puede producir imágenes tan precisas como si, en teoría, el telescopio estuviese en el espacio.
NACO reveló características de la galaxia que se encontraban en una extensión de sólo 11 años-luz. “Nuestras observaciones nos proporcionan una resolución espacial tan detallada que podemos, por primera vez, compararlas con los mejores mapas de radio de esta galaxia –mapas que han existido por más de una década“, dice Juan Antonio Fernández-Ontiveros, el autor principal del documento en que se reportan los resultados [1].
Los astrónomos identificaron 37 zonas definidas y brillantes –tres veces más que lo detectado anteriormente -, concentradas en una diminuta región del centro galáctico, que equivale a sólo un uno por ciento del tamaño total de la galaxia. Los astrónomos combinaron sus imágenes de NACO con la información de VISIR, otro instrumento del VLT, así como con imágenes del Telescopio Espacial Hubble de NASA/ESA y observaciones de radio realizadas con el Very Large Array y el Very Large Baseline Interferometer. Combinar estas observaciones, tomadas en diferentes longitudes de onda, proporcionó una pista sobre la naturaleza de estas zonas. “Ahora creemos que éstas probablemente son zonas muy activas de formación de estrellas que contienen muchas estrellas irrumpiendo de sus capullos“, dice José Antonio Acosta-Pulido, un miembro del equipo. NGC 253 es conocida como una galaxia de estallidos estelares, debido a su intensa actividad de formación estelar. Cada zona brillante puede contener hasta cien mil estrellas jóvenes y masivas.
Esta exhaustiva serie de información lleva además a los astrónomos a concluir que el centro de NGC 253 alberga una versión aumentada de Sagittarius A*, la brillante fuente de radio que se encuentra al centro de la Vía Láctea y que sabemos alberga un agujero negro masivo ( ver noticia ). “De esta forma hemos descubierto lo que podría ser un gemelo de nuestro Centro Galáctico“, dice la co-autora Almudena Prieto.
Notas
[1] En vista que las observaciones en longitud de onda de radio no son afectadas por la turbulencia de la atmósfera y que las ondas de radio tienen longitudes de onda más largas que la luz visible, es relativamente fácil obtener una muy alta resolución espacial de longitudes de onda de radio al combinar observaciones de radiotelescopios bien separados (usando interferometría). Es por eso que, hasta hace poco, los mapas de radio de galaxias mostraban mucho mayor detalle que sus equivalentes en infrarrojo o en óptico.
Información adicional
Fernandez-Ontiveros J.A., Prieto M.A. & Acosta-Pulido J.A.,‘‘The nucleus of NGC 253 and its massive stellar clusters at parsec scales’’, MNRAS letters, 2009, 392, L16, DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00575.x
Contactos
J.A. Fernández-Ontiveros
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Canaries, Spain
Teléfono: +34 922 605 369
Correo electrónico: jafo@iac.es
M.A. Prieto
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Canaries, Spain
Correo electrónico: aprieto@iac.es
J.A. Acosta-Pulido
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Canaries, Spain
Correo electrónico: jap@iac.es
Henri Boffin
ESO
Garching, Germany
Teléfono: +49 89 3200 6222
Correo electrónico: hboffin@eso.org
Valentina Rodriguez
ESO
Chile
Teléfono: +56 2 463 3123
Correo electrónico: vrodrigu@eso.org
Francisco Rodríguez (Contacto para medios de comunicación en Chile)
Red de Difusión Científica de ESO
y European Southern Observatory
Teléfono: +56-2-463-3151
Correo electrónico: eson-chile@eso.org
Acerca de la nota de prensa
Nota de prensa No.: | eso0902es-cl |
Legacy ID: | PR 02/09 |
Nombre: | NGC 253 |
Tipo: | Milky Way : Galaxy : Activity : Starburst Local Universe : Galaxy : Type : Spiral |
Facility: | Hubble Space Telescope, Very Large Telescope |
Instruments: | NACO, VISIR |
Science data: | 2009MNRAS.392L..16F |
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