Mitteilung

Erstes Licht für das größte System adaptiver Optiken

Hauptteleskop 4 des VLT unternimmt wichtigen Schritt zur vollen Anpassungsfähigkeit

28. Oktober 2016

Mit dem Einbau eines deformierbaren Sekundärspiegels am Teleskop wurde ein wichtiger Meilenstein in dem Projekt erreicht, das Hauptteleskop 4 (engl. Unit Telescope 4, kurz UT4, das auch den Namen Yepun trägt) des Very Large Telescope (VLT) der ESO in ein vollständig adaptives Teleskop umzuwandeln.

Adaptive optische Systeme kompensieren die verzerrende Wirkung der Erdatmosphäre, die die Schärfe der Bilder verschlechtert, die von einem Teleskop, sogar von einem so großen und anspruchsvollen wie dem VLT, eingefangen werden. Die Installation der neuen Adaptive Optics Facility (AOF) als integraler Bestandteil von UT4 ermöglicht es dem Teleskop, noch schärfere Bilder festzuhalten.

Der verformbare Sekundärspiegel besteht aus einem 1,96 mm dicken, flexiblen Spiegel, der auf einer Halterung sitzt, die 1170 Aktuatoren enthält, die die Form des Spiegels verändern, um die Wirkung von Turbulenzen in der Atmosphäre zu korrigieren. Mit einem Durchmesser von knapp über einem Meter ist dies der größte adaptive optische Spiegel, der jemals produziert wurde. Der verformbare Spiegel verlangt modernste Technologie. Seine Entwicklungsreise begann vor einigen Jahren. Der Bau der "Referenzoptik" – im Wesentlichen die Spiegelunterstützung – wurde 2010 abgeschlossen und die erste Version des dünnen Spiegels selbst wurde Ende 2011 an den ESO-Hauptsitz in Garching ausgeliefert, gefolgt von einer verbesserten Version im Jahr 2014. Nach umfangreichen Leistungsprüfungen in Garching wurde die deformierbare Sekundärspiegelbaugruppe nach Chile ausgeliefert und nun an dem 8,2-Meter durchmessenden Yepun montiert.

Optische Ausrichtung und andere Tests wurden vor kurzem mit dem verformbaren Spiegel - im starren Modus - am Teleskop montiert durchgeführt. Diese hat er mit Bravour bestanden.

Neben dem Austausch des konventionellen Sekundärspiegels des Teleskops durch diesem neuen deformierbaren Spiegel umfasst das AOF-System auch die Four Laser Guide Star Facility (4LGSF), die ihr Erstes Licht im April 2016 sah und die Installation von adaptiven Optikmodulen (AO) an den verschiedenen Brennpunkten des Sekundärspiegels. Bei den AO-Modulen handelt es sich um GRAAL (GRound laser Adaptive optics Assisted by Lasers), das korrigierte Bilder in HAWK-I einspeist und GALACSI (Ground Atmospheric Layer Adaptive Corrector for Spectroscopic Imaging), das die Bilder für den MUSE-Spektrographen vorfiltert.

Weitere Werkzeuge zur Optimierung des Betriebs der AOF wurden entwickelt und sind nun betriebsbereit. Dazu gehören die Astronomical Site Monitor Software, die die Atmosphäre überwacht, um die Höhe zu bestimmen, in der Turbulenzen auftreten und das Laser Traffic Control System, das die 4LGSF Strahlen daran hindert, Flugzeuge oder Teleskope im All zu stören.

Mit der Inbetriebnahme des AOF-Systems wird das VLT seine Liste erstklassiger wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen mit dem System am Paranal weiter ausbauen und dazu beitragen, die technischen Herausforderungen zu überwinden, die das nächste große Projekt der ESO darstellt, der Bau des European Extremely Large Telescope.

Links

Kontaktinformationen

Elise Vernet
ESO
Garching bei München
Tel: +49 89 3200 6322
E-Mail: evernet@eso.org

Robin Arsenault
ESO
Garching bei München
Tel: +49 89 3200 6524
E-Mail: rarsenau@eso.org

Peter Grimley
ESO, Assistant Public Information Officer
Garching bei München
Tel: +49 89 3200 6383
E-Mail: pgrimley@eso.org

Über die Mitteilung

ID:ann16078

Bilder

Der neue deformierbare Sekundärspiegel des VLT
Der neue deformierbare Sekundärspiegel des VLT
Installation des neuen deformierbaren Sekundärspiegels des VLT
Installation des neuen deformierbaren Sekundärspiegels des VLT
Installation des neuen deformierbaren Sekundärspiegels des VLT
Installation des neuen deformierbaren Sekundärspiegels des VLT
Der neue deformierbare Sekundärspiegel des VLT
Der neue deformierbare Sekundärspiegel des VLT
Der neue deformierbare Sekundärspiegel des VLT
Der neue deformierbare Sekundärspiegel des VLT

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