Annuncio

I primi 18 specchi grezzi del primario di ELT arrivano alla Safran Reosc

02 Agosto 2019

I primi 18 segmenti grezzi che andranno a costituire lo specchio primario dell'ELT (Extremely Large Telescope) dell'ESO sono arrivati senza problemi alla Safran Reosc a Poitiers, in Francia. I contratti per la fusione dei segmenti grezzi, nonché per la lucidatura, il montaggio e il collaudo, sono stati firmati nel 2017 rispettivamente con la società tedesca SCHOTT e con la società francese Safran Reosc, una consociata di Safran Electronics & Defense.

I segmenti grezzi di specchio sono imballati a sei a sei in una cassa di legno speciale. Fino a sei di questi imballaggi possono essere inseriti in un normale container. Sofisticati sensori di impatto accompagnano i segmenti grezzi per misurare qualsiasi accelerazione improvvisa o urto che potrebbe danneggiarli.

Il container con i primi 18 segmenti grezzi è stato inviato da SCHOTT a Mainz, in Germania, il 23 luglio ed è arrivato a Safran Reosc il giorno seguente. I segmenti grezzi per lo specchio di ELT sono realizzati in vetroceramica Zerodur® [1] a bassa espansione e sono circolari, misurano 1,5 metri di diametro e circa 5 centimetri di spessore. La parte posteriore di ogni segmento è piatta, mentre la superficie frontale è concava. Ci sono tre tipi diversi di segmenti grezzi, con superfici frontali leggermente diverse, a seconda della posizione che il segmento occupera' nello specchio principale. I primi segmenti di specchio primari sono stati fusi da SCHOTT nel 2018.

SCHOTT produce i pezzi grezzi in forma vicina a quella definitiva in modo che Safran Reosc non debba rimuovere troppo materiale durante il processo di lucidatura. Safran Reosc luciderà i segmenti prima di tagliarli a forma esagonale e quindi effettuera' una lucidatura precisa finale usando la tecnica nota come Ion Beam Figuring.

Una volta completato, lo specchio primario comprenderà 798 segmenti esagonali e avrà un'area totale di raccolta della luce di 978 m2. In totale, dovranno essere fusi e lucidati più di 900 segmenti (incluso un set di ricambio di 133 segmenti).

Una volta costruito, l'ELT sarà il più grande telescopio da terra in funzione. Il telescopio viene costruito sul Cerro Armazones nel deserto di Atacama, nel nord del Cile. Con uno specchio primario di quasi 40 metri di diametro, l'ELT raccoglierà quasi 100 milioni di volte più luce rispetto all'occhio umano, il che consentirà agli scienziati di affrontare alcune delle maggiori sfide dell'astrofisica attuale, come, tra l'altro, la formazione delle prime stelle, la formazione delle prime galassie, la caratterizzazione delle atmosfere di esopianeti simili alla Terra, o la natura della materia oscura e dell'energia oscura.

Note

[1] Lo Zerodur® è stato originariamente sviluppato per i telescopi astronomici alla fine degli anni '60. Ha un coefficiente di espansione termica estremamente basso, il che significa che, anche in caso di forti sbalzi di temperatura, il materiale non si espande. Chimicamente, lo Zerodur® è molto resistente e può essere lucidato con un elevato standard di finitura. Lo strato riflettente, realizzato in alluminio o argento, viene solitamente vaporizzato sulla superficie estremamente liscia poco prima della messa in funzione del telescopio e successivamente viene rinnovato a intervalli regolari. Molti dei telescopi piu' noti lavorano con specchi Zerodur®  in modo affidabile da decenni, incluso il VLT (Very Large Telescope) dell'ESO in Cile.

Contatti

Lars Lindberg Christensen 
ESO Head of Outreach Initiatives 
Garching bei München, Germany 
Tel: +49 89 3200 6761 
Cell: +49 173 38 72 621 
Email: lars@eso.org

A proposito dell'annuncio

Identificazione:ann19040

Immagini

The first shipment of ELT primary mirror blanks arrives at Safran Reosc
The first shipment of ELT primary mirror blanks arrives at Safran Reosc
soltanto in inglese
The first shipment of ELT primary mirror blanks arrives at Safran Reosc
The first shipment of ELT primary mirror blanks arrives at Safran Reosc
soltanto in inglese
ELT in progress
ELT in progress
soltanto in inglese

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